Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World

20240124 08234200 FALSE 20240124 18343000 20240124 18343000 AFP BIOMAS 002 0.000 Geographic GCS_WGS_1984 Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453) <GeographicCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:GeographicCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/3.0.0'><WKT>GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],AUTHORITY["EPSG",4326]]</WKT><XOrigin>-400</XOrigin><YOrigin>-400</YOrigin><XYScale>11258999068426.238</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>8.983152841195215e-09</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><LeftLongitude>-180</LeftLongitude><WKID>4326</WKID><LatestWKID>4326</LatestWKID></GeographicCoordinateSystem> ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 en This map depicts the 825 terrestrial ecoregions of the globe. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. This comprehensive, global map provides a useful framework for conducting biogeographical or macroecological research, for identifying areas of outstanding biodiversity and conservation priority, for assessing the representation and gaps in conservation efforts worldwide, and for communicating the global distribution of natural communities on earth. We have based ecoregion delineations on hundreds of previous biogeographical studies, and refined and synthesized existing information in regional workshops over 10 years to assemble the global dataset. Ecoregions are nested within two higher-order classifications: biomes (14) and biogeographic realms (8). Together, these nested classification levels provide a framework for comparison among units and the identification of representative habitats and species assemblages. Ecoregions have increasingly been adopted by research scientists, conservation organizations, and donors as a framework for analyzing biodiversity patterns, assessing conservation priorities, and directing effort and support (Ricketts et al. 1999a; Wikramanayake et al. 2001; Ricketts et al. 1999b; Olson & Dinerstein 1998; Groves et al. 2000; Rosenzweig et al. 2003; and Luck et al. 2003). More on the approach to ecoregion mapping, the logic and design of the framework, and previous and potential uses are discusses in Olson et al. (2001) and Ricketts et al. (1999a). Groves, C., L. Valutis, D. Vosick, B. Neely, K. Wheaton, J. Touval, and B. Runnels. 2000. Designing a Geography of Hope: A practitioner's handbook to ecoregional conservation planning. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. Luck, G.W., T.H. Ricketts, G.C. Daily, M. Imhoff (2003). Spatial conflict between people and biodiversity. Procedings of the National Academy of Sciences - US. 101(1):182-186. Olson, D.M., and E. Dinerstein. 1998. The Global 200: a representation approach to conserving the Earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conservation Biology 12:502-515. Olson, D.M., E. Dinerstein, E.D. Wikramanayake, N.D. Burgess, G.V.N. Powell, E.C. Underwood, J.A. D'Amico, I. Itoua, H.E. Strand, J.C. Morrison, C.J. Loucks, T.F. Allnutt, T.H. Ricketts, Y. Kura, J.F. Lamoreux, W.W. Wettengel, P. Hedao, and K.R. Kassem. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: New map of life on earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938. Ricketts, T.H., E. Dinerstein, D.M. Olson, C. Loucks. 1999. Who's where in North America? Patterns of species richness and the utility of indicator taxa for conservation. Bioscience 49(5):369-381. Ricketts, T.H., E. Dinerstein, D.M. Olson, C.J. Loucks, W. Eichbaum, K. Kavanagh, P. Hedao, P. Hurley, K.M. Carney, R. Abell, and S. Walters. 1999. Ecoregions of North America: A conservation assessment. Island Press. Washington DC. 485 pp. Rosenzweig, M.L., W. Turner, J.G. Cox, and T.H. Ricketts. 2003. Estimating diversity in unsampled habitats of a biogeographical province. Conservation Biology 17(3):864-874. Wikramanayake, E., E. Dinerstein, C. Loucks, D. Olson, J. Morrison, J. Lamoreux, M. McKnight, and P. Hedao. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC. biogeography, biodiversity conservation and priority setting. Delineation of ecoregions: We began by accepting the biogeographic realms of Pielou (1979) and Udvardy (1975) and modifying the biome systems of Dinerstein et al. (1995) and Ricketts et al. (1999). We then consulted existing global maps of floristic or zoogeographic provinces, global and regional maps of units based on the distribution of selected groups of plants and animals, the world's biotic province maps, and global maps of broad vegetation types. These were useful for evaluating the extent of realms and biomes, the first two tiers in our hierarchical classification. We then identified published regional classification systems to be used as a baseline for ecoregion boundaries. Data and consultations from regional experts were also important for final ecoregion delineations. Caveats: Three caveats are appropriate for all biogeographic mapping approaches. First, no single biogeographic framework is optimal for all taxa. Ecoregions reflect the best compromise for as many taxa as possible. Second, ecoregion boundaries rarely form abrupt edges; rather, ecotones and mosaic habitats bound them. Third, most ecoregions contain habitats that differ from their assigned biome (e.g., for example, rainforest ecoregions in Amazonia often contain small edaphic savannas). With these caveats in mind, ecoregions can form useful units for biological analysis and for conservation planning and action. More information: Please consult citations listed here and with abstract, and references therein, for additional information on these ecoregions and the analyses and assessments for which they are suited. http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions Dinerstein E, Olson DM, Graham DJ, Webster A L , Primm SA, Bookbinder M P, Ledec G. 1995 .A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean .Washington (DC) :World Bank. Pielou EC. 1979 . Biogeography. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Ricketts, T.H., E. Dinerstein, D.M. Olson, C. Loucks. 1999. Who's where in North America? Patterns of species richness and the utility of indicator taxa for conservation. Bioscience 49(5):369-381. Udvardy MDF. 1975 .A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world Morges (Switzerland): International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. World Wildlife Fund - US 2004 Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World wwf_terr_ecos vector digital data Version 2.0 This is an update to version 1.0 which was completed in 2001. Citation: Olson, D.M., E. Dinerstein, E.D. Wikramanayake, N.D. Burgess, G.V.N. Powell, E.C. Underwood, J.A. D'Amico, I. Itoua, H.E. Strand, J.C. Morrison, C.J. Loucks, T.F. Allnutt, T.H. Ricketts, Y. Kura, J.F. Lamoreux, W.W. Wettengel, P. Hedao, and K.R. Kassem. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth (PDF, 1.1M) BioScience 51:933-938. withheld publication date Ecoregions based on historical distribution data Complete As needed -179.999989 179.999989 83.623125 -89.891973 -179.999989 179.999989 -89.891973 83.623125 ecoregions ecoregions World Wildlife Fund WWF World Wildlife Fund world This data is available for use for valid scientific, conservation, and educational purposes. Any modification of the original map by users to ecoregion boundaries, units, names, or realm and biome classes must be noted. Shapefile Conservation Science Program - World Wildlife Fund Nasser Olwero mailing and physical address

1250 24th St NW

Washington DC 20037 USA 202-822-3452 GIS Manager nasser.olwero@wwfus.org Olson, D.M., E. Dinerstein, E.D. Wikramanayake, N.D. Burgess, G.V.N. Powell, E.C. Underwood, J.A. D’Amico, H.E. Strand, J.C. Morrison, C.J. Loucks, T.F. Allnutt, J.F. Lamoreux, T.H. Ricketts, I. Itoua, W.W. Wettengel, Y. Kura, P. Hedao, and K. Kassem. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: A new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51(11):933-938. Esri ArcGIS 13.0.0.36056 AFP BIOMAS -179.999989 179.999989 83.623125 -89.891973 1 -179.999989 179.999989 83.623125 -89.891973 1 Large terrestrial biomes in the AFP area. Polygonal layer representing the terrestrial biomes present in the AFP work area. Data adapted in Amazonia360 from: Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938. The original data are from: <a href='https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/terrestrial-ecoregions-of-the-world' target='_blank' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/terrestrial-ecoregions-of-the-world</a> The portion corresponding to northern South America has been extracted, simplified and adapted to generate a .shp polygon file.biogeography, biodiversity conservation and priority setting.ecoregionsWorld Wildlife Fundworld en FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time REQUIRED: The person responsible for the metadata information. REQUIRED: The organization responsible for the metadata information. REQUIRED: The mailing and/or physical address for the organization or individual. REQUIRED: The city of the address. REQUIRED: The state or province of the address. REQUIRED: The ZIP or other postal code of the address. REQUIRED: The telephone number by which individuals can speak to the organization or individual. 20060222 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata DIS_ESRI1.0 dataset Downloadable Data 62.253 62.253 002 withheld Local Area Network 62.253 Shapefile Shapefile 0.000 Vector Simple FALSE 0 FALSE FALSE GCS_WGS_1984 Decimal degrees 0.000001 0.000001 D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates 0.000010 GCS_WGS_1984 EPSG 6.2(3.0.1) 0 AFP BIOMAS Feature Class 0 WWF's Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/attributes.htm FID FID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. BIOME BIOME Double 19 1 Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests 2 Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests 3 Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests 4 Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests 5 Temperate Conifer Forests 6 Boreal Forests/Taiga 7 Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands 8 Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands 9 Flooded Grasslands & Savannas 10 Montane Grasslands & Shrublands 11 Tundra 12 Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub 13 Deserts & Xeric Shrublands 14 Mangroves Biome 0 0 BIOMADES BIOMADES String 254 0 0 20240124 Dataset copied. withheld 20050602 17491200 Dataset copied. withheld 20060222 15345700