20260504 20120300 1.0 ISO19139 https://www.arcgis.com/sharing/rest/content/items/620b956b2bff4566bc9a1fe94b5b85b6/info/thumbnail/thumbnail1779811051432.png TRUE This feature layer includes prevalence and incidence data for chronic diseases including, asthma, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease for the years 2019-2023. This data includes the age-sex standardized and crude incidence and prevalence rates per 1,000, and rate ratios for Peel Health Data Zones.Age-sex standardized, and crude chronic disease prevalence and incidence rates and rate ratios are valuable tools in public health for understanding disease patterns, comparing disease rates, developing interventions, and addressing health disparities.Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition in which the airways become inflamed and narrowed, making it difficult to breathe and often causing wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. Symptoms can be triggered by allergens, infections, exercise, or environmental exposures and may range from mild to life‑threatening. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. It reflects the influence of environment, genetics, and access to preventive care. Monitoring its prevalence helps identify populations at higher risk and guide efforts to reduce avoidable illness and hospitalizations.Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions including strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and aneurysms, that affect blood vessels and blood supply to the brain. Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease vary depending on the condition and the area of the brain affected. Common symptoms include severe and sudden headaches, paralysis, or weakness on one side of the body or face, confusion, and vision loss. Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease include hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and being overweight. Health outcomes for cerebrovascular events vary greatly. Some patients will experience a full recovery, however in severe cases, cerebrovascular events can lead to death or disability.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that can prevent or obstruct airflow to the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. The two most common types of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Risk factors for COPD include smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and exposure to environmental or occupational irritants. People with COPD are at increased risk of developing asthma, heart disease, and lung cancer.Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in the lungs or other tissues. Symptoms may worsen with physical activity, infections, or dietary factors and can range from mild limitations to severe, life‑threatening episodes. CHF is a common and serious condition worldwide, particularly among older adults. It reflects the combined effects of underlying heart disease, lifestyle factors, and access to timely medical care. Monitoring its prevalence helps identify populations at higher risk and supports strategies to prevent complications and reduce hospitalizations. Dementia is a chronic condition marked by a decline in memory, thinking, and other cognitive abilities that interferes with daily functioning and independence. Symptoms can include difficulties with communication, problem‑solving, behavior, or recognizing familiar people and places, and they typically worsen over time. Dementia is common worldwide, particularly among older adults. It reflects the influence of aging, underlying neurological disease, and social and environmental factors. Monitoring its prevalence helps identify populations at higher risk and supports planning for appropriate care, support services, and prevention strategies. Diabetes is a chronic condition that develops when your body either doesn't produce or effectively use insulin, which it needs to turn sugar into energy. Symptoms develop over several years, often going unnoticed until a diagnosis is confirmed. There are three types of diabetes, with Type 2 being most common, accounting for about 90 to 95% of cases. Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes include modifiable behaviors like being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight, and unmodifiable factors, such as having a family history of the disease and being over the age of 45. Without effective treatment, diabetes can lead to heart disease, vision loss and kidney disease.Ischemic heart disease (IHD) also known as coronary artery disease, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, usually due to a partial or complete blockage of the heart’s arteries. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, sweating, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting. Risk factors for ischemic heart disease include having diabetes, a family history of heart disease, high cholesterol or triglycerides, hypertension, being overweight, and smoking. Without proactive management of the condition, ischemic heart disease can result in arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (heart attacks), cardiac arrest, and death.Rate Ratio compares the rates of two groups. The rate for the group of primary interest (Peel Health Data Zone) is divided by the rate for the comparison group (Peel). A rate ratio of 1.0 indicates equal rates in the two groups, a rate ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a higher rate for the group of primary interest, and a rate ratio less than 1.0 indicates a lower rate for the group of primary interest.Age-sex standardized rates/rate ratios allow us to compare the incidence or prevalence of a health outcome between different populations, while accounting for differences in the age and sex distributions of those populations. The age-sex standardized rates are standardized to the 2011 Canadian population.Crude rates/rate ratios refer to the total number of new cases (incidence) or existing cases (prevalence) of a disease for the population at risk for these events. Crude rates are straightforward and provide a raw measure of disease frequency in a population. However, they do not account for differences in population characteristics such as age or sex, which can influence disease rates. For this reason, crude rates are often supplemented with age-sex standardized rates.Prevalence refers to the number of cases of a disease in a specific population at a particular time point or over a specified period. It includes both new and existing cases and provides an estimate of how widespread the disease is. Prevalence is a common measure to estimate the burden of chronic diseases in a population.Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific population over a particular period. Tracking incidence helps identify trends and patterns of chronic disease over time, allowing public health officials to inform public health strategies as needed. Chronic Diseases (2019-2023) 2026-05-22T00:00:00 2026-05-22T00:00:00 2026-05-25T00:00:00 -79.897 -79.389 43.784 43.515 -79.897000 -79.389000 43.784000 43.515000 1 Peel Health Data ZonesPeelCaledonBramptonMississaugaCerebrovascular DiseaseChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseCongestive Heart FailureDementiaAsthmaDiabetesIshemic Heart DiseaseChronic Diseases This feature layer includes prevalence and incidence data for asthma, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary congestive heart failure, disease, dementia, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease for 2019-2023. The data includes rate ratios and rates per 1,000 for the Peel Health Data Zones. To reference this data, please cite as: Borgundvaag E, Saskin R, Wilton D, and An D. Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes, COPD, Ischemic Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Dementia and Asthma in Peel, Applied Public Health Research Questions (AHRQ) # 2026 0900 863 006. 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2026-05-25 Region of Peel