20140813
14062100
1.0
FGDC CSDGM Metadata
FALSE
JCO-StudyArea_110723
002
913175.109009
1067382.508606
120121.881254
272844.293640
1
0.000
Projected
GCS_North_American_1983
Linear Unit: Foot_US (0.304801)
NAD_1983_StatePlane_New_York_Long_Island_FIPS_3104_Feet
<ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/3.1.0'><WKT>PROJCS["NAD_1983_StatePlane_New_York_Long_Island_FIPS_3104_Feet",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",984250.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-74.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",40.66666666666666],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",41.03333333333333],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",40.16666666666666],UNIT["Foot_US",0.3048006096012192],AUTHORITY["EPSG",2263]]</WKT><XOrigin>-120039300</XOrigin><YOrigin>-96540300</YOrigin><XYScale>37212589.015695661</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.0032808333333333331</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102718</WKID><LatestWKID>2263</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem>
20231107
09480400
20231107
09480400
150000000
5000
New York City Department of City Planning
BYTES of the BIG APPLE Coordinator
212.720.3505
22 Reade St, 5E
New York
New York
10007
US
New York City Department of City Planning
22 Reade St, 5E
New York
New York
10007
US
Available at the following website: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml
Free
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml
0.000
ESRI Shapefile
Open Specification
New York City Community Districts
14C
New York City Department of City Planning
New York City Department of City Planning
BYTES of the BIG APPLE
14C
No major changes since previous version.
2014-08-07T00:00:00
2014-08-14T00:00:00
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><P><SPAN>Community Districts are mandated by the city charter to review and monitor quality of life issues for New York City neighborhoods.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
Study Area Map
New York City Department of City Planning
BYTES of the BIG APPLE Coordinator
212.720.3505
22 Reade St, 5E
New York
NY
10007
US
New York
Manhattan
Queens
Brooklyn
Richmond
Bronx
Kings
Staten Island
New York City
boundaries
boundary
borough
New York
Manhattan
Queens
Brooklyn
Richmond
boundaries
Bronx
Kings
boundary
borough
Staten Island
New York City
The data is freely available to all New York City agencies and the public.
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><P><SPAN>This dataset is being provided by the Department of City Planning (DCP) on DCP’s website for informational purposes only. DCP does not warranty the completeness, accuracy, content, or fitness for any particular purpose or use of the dataset, nor are any such warranties to be implied or inferred with respect to the dataset as furnished on the website. DCP and the City are not liable for any deficiencies in the completeness, accuracy, content, or fitness for any particular purpose or use the dataset, or applications utilizing the dataset, provided by any third party.</SPAN></P></DIV>
ground condition
Department of City Planning.
Esri ArcGIS 13.1.0.41833
1
-74.257159
-73.699215
40.915568
40.495992
These data are accurate as of the redistricting after the US Census 2010.
The District files are created from the same release version of the Department of City Planning LION file. The LION file is spatially aligned with NYCMap aerial photography.
JCO-StudyArea_110723
Feature Class
0
FID
FID
OID
4
0
0
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
BoroCD
BoroCD
SmallInteger
4
4
0
Community district number preceded by BoroCode.
Shape
Shape
Geometry
0
0
0
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Coordinates defining the features.
Shape_Leng
Shape_Leng
Double
19
0
0
Shape_Area
Shape_Area
Double
19
0
0
Area of feature in internal units squared.
Esri
Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
dataset
EPSG
5.3(9.0.0)
0
Simple
FALSE
0
FALSE
FALSE
20231107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=